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By the 15th century, the Reconquest of Spain by the Catholic powers had left only the Kingdom of Granada, part of Andalucia in southern Spain, in the hands of the Moors.〔García de Cortázar, map p.259〕 In 1492 Granada city fell to the "Catholic Monarchs" - Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile - and under the terms of capitulation the whole region came under Christian rule. However, the Muslim inhabitants of the city soon revolted against Christian rule, followed by the mountain villages: this revolt was suppressed fairly quickly.〔García de Cortázar, map p.261〕 The Muslims under Christian rule (until then known as Mudejares) were then obliged to convert to Christianity, becoming a nominally Catholic population known as "Moriscos"). Discontent among the new "Moriscos" led to a second rebellion, led by a Morisco known as Aben Humeya, starting in December 1568 and lasting till March 1571. This violent conflict took place mainly in the mountainous Alpujarra region, on the southern slopes of the Sierra Nevada, between Granada city and the Mediterranean coast and is often known as the War of the Alpujarras.〔García de Cortázar, map p.291〕 〔The plural "Alpujarras" is often used, because the area now lies in two Spanish provinces, Granada and Almeria, but there is probably an earlier origin. ''"Alpujarra"'' has multiple proposed arabic etimologies, the most accepted being ''"Al-Bugsharra"'' (land of pastures). A pre-Celtic origin, ''"Alp"'' meaning a high mountain, as elsewhere in Europe, has also been proposed..〕 Most of the Morisco population was then expelled from the Kingdom of Granada and was dispersed throughout the Kingdom of Castille (modern day Castile, Extremadura and Andalusia). As this left many mountain villages in Granada almost empty, Catholic resettlers were brought in from other parts of the country. Between 1609 and 1614, the Spanish Crown undertook the expulsion of the Moriscos from all over Spain. Very few then were taken from the Kingdom of Granada, as most of them had been expelled already.〔García de Cortázar, maps pp.324-325〕 ==Fall of Granada and the 1499-1500 Muslim revolts== The Kingdom of Granada was the last Muslim-ruled state in Spain. After a long siege, the city of Granada fell to the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabel, in 1492. The Muslim population was initially tolerated under the terms of the Treaty of Granada: they were allowed to stay in their dwellings, to be judged according to their own laws, they would not be obliged to convert to Christianity.〔Mármol I-xix; Fletcher pp. 314-321〕 | However, they did come under pressure to convert to Christianity, and growing discontent led to an uprising in 1499 in Granada city, quickly put down, and in the following year two more serious revolts in the mountain villages of the Alpujarra - the region below the Sierra Nevada. Ferdinand himself led an army into the area. There were also revolts in the western parts of the Kingdom. Suppression by the Catholic forces was severe; with the most violent episode occurring in Laujar de Andarax, where two hundred Muslims were burnt in the local Mosque.〔Marmol IV-xxvii; Lea pp. 38-39〕 This revolt enabled the Catholics to claim that the Muslims had violated the terms of the Treaty of Granada, which were therefore withdrawn. Throughout the region, Muslims were now forced to choose between conversion to Christianity or exile. The vast majority chose conversion and became known as "Moriscos" or "New Christians", though many continued to speak Andalusian Arabic and to maintain their Moorish customs.〔Harvey pp. 53-55〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Morisco rebellions in Granada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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